1814
The Congress of Vienna creates the German Confederation.

1844
Friedrich Nietzsche is born.

1850
After the Prussian Constitution, Germany becomes a significant power in Europe.

Francis Joseph becomes emperor of Austria.

1856
Sigmund Freud is born in Friborg in the present-day Czech Republic.

1859
Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.

1861
Assession of King William I of Prussia.

1864
The Roman Catholic Church publishes the Syllabus of Errors, arguing against the toleration of other religions and secular education.

1866
The Peace of Prague ends Prussian hostilities with Austria and Austria's allies Bavaria, Wüaut;rttemberg, Saxony, and Hannover. Bismarck subverts the terms of the peace to ally with southern German states of Bavaria, Wüaut;rttemberg and Baden to consolidate Prussian power.

1867
The Ausgleich between Austria and Hungary creates the Austria-Hungary empire under Francis Joseph.

1869
Liebknecht and Bebel, followers of Karl Marx, found the Social Democratic Party.

1870
Ems telegram from William to Bismarck, edited by Bismarck and released to the press to provoke the French, leads to a French declaration of war against Prussia on July 19. Friedrich Nietzsche takes part in one of the battles of this conflict, at Metz, which he mentions in his "Attempt at a Self-Criticism" in the 1886 edition of The Birth of Tragedy.

The Vatican Council declares the dogma of the infallibility of the Pope.

1871
The French surrender to Prussia with the Treaty of Frankfurt. Prussia gains Alsace and parts of the Lorraine. The German Empire is created under William of Prussia.

The Paris Commune

1872
Friedrich Nietzsche publishes The Birth of Tragedy his first book.

1878
Friedrich Nietzsche's Human, All Too Human appears.

1885
Sigmund Freud studies with Jean Martin Charcot at the Salpetrière in Paris.

1886
Sigmund Freud studies with Jean Martin Charcot at the Salpetrière in Paris.

Friedrich Nietzsche publishes Beyond Good and Evil

1890
After two years of troubled relations, the new Prussian emperor William II compels Bismarck to resign.

1895
Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud publish Studies on Hysteria

1900
Sigmund Freud's Interpretation of Dreams appears.

Friedrich Nietszche dies.

1901
Jacques Lacan is born in Paris.

1939
Sigmund Freud dies in London.